The article is devoted to the Organization of the Islamic Conference and its activities in the field of consolidation of Arab States. The current political problems of Arabic world, the context of international relations in the Middle East region were analyzed. Also, a brief description of the conflicts of the Middle East region in the twentieth century is given. The image of the organization of the Islamic conference in the field of international relations is considered.

The paper develops the hypothesis that zebu cattle (depictions) are a marker of Indo-European population dispersal from the Indus Valley to Syria and Anatolia in 7000–1000 BC. It combines the exploration of the data on human genetics (full genomes and Y-Haplogroups originating from South Asia), bovine genetic admixture distribution maps (mitochondrial, autosomal and Y-chromosomal), archaeology (findings of zebu figurines, pictures, images and seals) and Indo-European linguistics.

The article discusses the system of modern economic scientific knowledge, which is divided as a whole into fundamental, or general, and applied, or particular, knowledge. Economic theory, also known as theoretical economics, along with the history of economics and history of economic studies, economic statistics, economic sociology, economic psychology, refers to general economic knowledge and therefore general economic sciences that are of fundamental, one might even say, strategic nature for the development of economic science in general, and therefore they can not be forgotten. Economic knowledge, which has an applied character, is based, as a rule, on private, or specific, sciences, namely: intersectoral (finance and credit, accounting, labor management); sectoral (industrial economics, agricultural economics, trade economics, transport economics); regional (world economy, regional economy, economy of individual countries of the world). The task of the fundamental sciences is to know, as far as possible, the knowledge of economic laws and the substantiation of the ways of their effective application. One such law, for example, is the law of harmony in nature. In nature, everything is expedient and meets the requirement of expediency. Some natural phenomena correspond to other natural phenomena, existing in such a way as to correspond to the latter, that is, one mutually responds to the other and is designed to interact with it. In turn, applied sciences use the results of fundamental scientific research to solve particular and concrete practical problems in the field of economics. One of the most important areas of fundamental economics is historical and economic research, which is given special attention in Russian science.

Students receive information about the life of a primitive person in history and technology lessons. Since the end of the 19th century, individual historians and enthusiasts began to make attempts to reconstruct the life, life, and technology of the ancient man. It is necessary to consolidate the theoretical knowledge of students. In order that material was interesting to students, it is necessary to support with visual aids, including, and independently made objects. Such practice should include elements of research, creative approach to work. During the practice, students should acquire certain skills and abilities to conduct independent search work. This study reveals the methodology of teaching these disciplines.

The author of the article analyzes the problem of patriotism as one of the key factors that play a fundamental role in the upbringing of any Russian, and even more the soldier. It considers the importance of patriotic education literally from school, the role of meetings with veterans of the Great Patriotic War, the importance of work of the teacher for formation such moral qualities as decency, morality, patriotism. The attention is focused on the fact that the younger generation needs to inculcate respect for elders, the author gives the ways of solving the problem of presenting patriotic material when the teacher works with young people.

The article analyzes the representation of the practice of walking pilgrimage in modern public discourse. The object of study were publications that reveal the personal experience of the procession of weakly churched believers to the Velikoretsky sacred place (Kirov region). The pilgrimage narrative is considered as a practice reflecting the process of constructing religious identity. It is concluded that the purpose of the pilgrimage narrative is religious self-identification based on the reflection of the "experience of the sacred".

The aim of this study is to analyze the three novels "The Kite Runner", "A Thousand Splendid Suns", "And the Mountains Echoed" by Afghan American writer Khaled Hosseini in accordance with the main literary features of the Afghan Diaspora. This historical literature becomes one of the most interesting directions. The authors of the Afghan Diaspora, who create their works in English, distinguish three main features: languages and cultures clash, biographical method application, time and space correlation. This study is an attempt to reveal the importance of the literary characteristics of novels, considering in particular those mentioned above. This will help readers to decipher the essential Diaspora features of the works of Hosseini, using the three studied signs. In addition to this, the Diaspora and expatriate literature is identified by the researcher on the basis of examples and highlighted by the text analysis of the literary works of the Diaspora.

The article discusses the social status and main elements of the professional subculture of Russian engineering and technical specialists in the context of domestic and foreign concepts and on the basis of empirical data reflecting the assessment of the attractiveness of the engineering profession in modern Russian society. Particular attention is paid to the creative aspect of the activities of engineering and technical specialists, their role in the innovative development of society.

The article deals with the role of physical culture and sports among students in Russia. It is proved that the main contradiction in the formation of students orientation in mastering the norms of physical culture is the contradiction between the attitude of society to health promotion as a result of attending the relevant classes and the needs of the individual in self-realization and self-assertion. Particular attention is paid to the contradictions between the need for students to master the competencies acquired in the school in the field of physical culture, and the stereotypical content of knowledge and skills that they receive in the classroom at the University.

The article discusses the historical aspects of the sports Universiades in Russia. It is shown that the Universiades have a significant impact on the development of youth sports in Russia, increase its international status and efficiency and create conditions for the formation of youth motivation to sports and recreational activities, taking into account its needs and interests. Particular attention is paid to the history of the Universiades, which should be a reliable pillar of the formation of national identity. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the position of youth sports with the introduction of a system of grants for student-athletes-winners of the Russian student championships.